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    <Identifier>zma001048</Identifier>
    <IdentifierDoi>10.3205/zma001048</IdentifierDoi>
    <IdentifierUrn>urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0010484</IdentifierUrn>
    <ArticleType language="en">short report</ArticleType>
    <ArticleType language="de">Kurzbeitrag</ArticleType>
    <TitleGroup>
      <Title language="en">Committee on Veterinary Medicine at the Society for Medical Education: Skills Labs in Veterinary Medicine &#8211; a brief overview</Title>
      <TitleTranslated language="de">Ausschuss Tiermedizin der GMA: Skills Labs in der Tiermedizin &#8211; ein kurzer Einblick</TitleTranslated>
    </TitleGroup>
    <CreatorList>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Dilly</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Dilly</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Marc</Firstname>
          <Initials>M</Initials>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>
          <Affiliation>Stiftung Tier&#228;rztliche Hochschule Hannover, Clinical Skills Lab, Hannover, Germany</Affiliation>
        </Address>
        <Email>marc.dilly&#64;tiho-hannover.de</Email>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="no" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
      <Creator>
        <PersonNames>
          <Lastname>Gruber</Lastname>
          <LastnameHeading>Gruber</LastnameHeading>
          <Firstname>Christian</Firstname>
          <Initials>C</Initials>
          <AcademicTitle>Mag.</AcademicTitle>
        </PersonNames>
        <Address>Stiftung Tier&#228;rztliche Hochschule Hannover, BEST-VET, B&#252;nteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany<Affiliation>Stiftung Tier&#228;rztliche Hochschule Hannover, BEST-VET, Hannover, Germany</Affiliation></Address>
        <Email>christian.gruber&#64;tiho-hannover.de</Email>
        <Creatorrole corresponding="yes" presenting="no">author</Creatorrole>
      </Creator>
    </CreatorList>
    <PublisherList>
      <Publisher>
        <Corporation>
          <Corporatename>German Medical Science GMS Publishing House</Corporatename>
        </Corporation>
        <Address>D&#252;sseldorf</Address>
      </Publisher>
    </PublisherList>
    <SubjectGroup>
      <SubjectheadingDDB>610</SubjectheadingDDB>
      <Keyword language="en">Skills Lab</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">Simulators</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">Simulation-based Training</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">Clinical Skills Training</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="en">Veterinary Medical Education</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="de">Skills Lab</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="de">Simulatoren</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="de">Modelle</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="de">Ausbildung an Simulatoren</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="de">Klinische Fertigkeiten Training</Keyword>
      <Keyword language="de">Tiermedizinische Ausbildung</Keyword>
      <SectionHeading language="en">Clinical skills</SectionHeading>
      <SectionHeading language="de">Praktische Fertigkeiten</SectionHeading>
    </SubjectGroup>
    <DateReceived>20151030</DateReceived>
    <DateRevised>20160708</DateRevised>
    <DateAccepted>20160708</DateAccepted>
    <DatePublishedList>
      
    <DatePublished>20160815</DatePublished></DatePublishedList>
    <Language>engl</Language>
    <LanguageTranslation>germ</LanguageTranslation>
    <License license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
      <AltText language="en">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</AltText>
      <AltText language="de">Dieser Artikel ist ein Open-Access-Artikel und steht unter den Lizenzbedingungen der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (Namensnennung).</AltText>
    </License>
    <SourceGroup>
      <Journal>
        <ISSN>2366-5017</ISSN>
        <Volume>33</Volume>
        <Issue>4</Issue>
        <JournalTitle>GMS Journal for Medical Education</JournalTitle>
        <JournalTitleAbbr>GMS J Med Educ</JournalTitleAbbr>
        <IssueTitle>Clinical skills</IssueTitle>
      </Journal>
    </SourceGroup>
    <ArticleNo>49</ArticleNo>
  </MetaData>
  <OrigData>
    <Abstract language="de" linked="yes"><Pgraph>An den tiermedizinischen Ausbildungsst&#228;tten im deutschsprachigen Raum wurden seit 2012 Skills Labs f&#252;r die Vermittlung praktischer Fertigkeiten eingerichtet. Neben didaktischen &#220;berlegungen sind auch ethische Gesichtspunkte im Hinblick auf den Tierschutz die Grundlage f&#252;r die zunehmende Bedeutung von Skills Labs in der Veterin&#228;rmedizin. Nicht zuletzt durch europaweit geltende Qualit&#228;tsnormen der tiermedizinischen Ausbildung ist die Vernetzung zwischen den tiermedizinischen Ausbildungsst&#228;tten von gro&#223;er Bedeutung f&#252;r die Einrichtung und Weiterentwicklung von Skills Labs. Der Ausschuss Tiermedizin ist daher nicht nur an dem Austausch und Kooperationen innerhalb der Veterin&#228;rmedizin interessiert, sondern sieht auch in der Vernetzung mit dem GMA-Ausschuss &#8222;Praktische Fertigkeiten&#8220; die M&#246;glichkeit der gegenseitigen Bereicherung.</Pgraph></Abstract>
    <Abstract language="en" linked="yes"><Pgraph>Since 2012, skills labs have been set up to teach practical skills at veterinary training facilities in the German-speaking world. In addition to didactic considerations, ethical points of view in terms of animal protection form the basis of the increasing significance of skills labs in veterinary medicine. Not least because of the quality standards in veterinary medicine training which apply across Europe, the link between veterinary medicine training facilities is particularly significant when it comes to the setting up and development of skills labs. The Committee on Veterinary Medicine is therefore not only interested in exchange and cooperation within veterinary medicine, but also sees an opportunity for mutual gain in the link with the Society for Medical Education Committee &#8220;Practical Skills&#8221;.</Pgraph></Abstract>
    <TextBlock language="en" linked="yes" name="Introducing and presenting the Society for Medical Education Committee on Veterinary Medicine">
      <MainHeadline>Introducing and presenting the Society for Medical Education Committee on Veterinary Medicine</MainHeadline><Pgraph>The Society for Medical Education Committee on Veterinary Medicine includes (&#8220;officially&#8221; as it were) all members of the Society for Medical Education from veterinary medicine and is therefore an exceptional case (along with the Committee on Dentistry) compared to the other committees, the majority of which focus on specific content, as people are assigned to the committee based on their profession. In this sense, the committee takes on all topics that are of national significance for the seven veterinary medicine training facilities (Berlin, Gie&#223;en, Hanover, Leipzig, Munich, Vetsuisse and Vienna) in the German-speaking world.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Accordingly, there are links in terms of content to most committees and to the committee &#8220;Practical Skills&#8221;, because the students&#8217; training in practical skills of course also occurs in veterinary medicine. Until recently, the intensive practical training took place almost exclusively on the animal or on (parts of) the cadaver. This type of training is not only extremely resource-intensive but is also being increasingly questioned from a didactic perspective and from both an ethical and animal protection-related perspective. As a result, in 2012 what are known as &#8220;skills labs&#8221; were created at various locations in the German-speaking world <TextLink reference="3"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="4"></TextLink> inspired by the international models which primarily come from the English-speaking world in which skills labs have been part of the day-to-day in (veterinary) medical training for some time. There are currently centrally established skills labs at five veterinary medical training facilities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: Vienna, Hanover, Leipzig, Gie&#223;en and Bern. </Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="de" linked="yes" name="Einleitung und Darstellung des GMA-Ausschusses Tiermedizin">
      <MainHeadline>Einleitung und Darstellung des GMA-Ausschusses Tiermedizin</MainHeadline><Pgraph>Der Ausschuss Tiermedizin der GMA beheimatet - gleichsam &#8222;von Amts wegen&#8220; - alle GMA-Mitglieder aus der Tiermedizin und ist somit durch die berufsbezogene Zuordnung (gemeinsam mit dem Ausschuss Zahnmedizin) ein Ausnahmefall unter den sonst inhaltlich orientierten Aussch&#252;ssen der GMA. In diesem Sinne nimmt sich der Ausschuss inhaltlich aller Themen an, die von &#252;berregionaler Bedeutung f&#252;r die sieben tiermedizinischen Ausbildungsst&#228;tten (Berlin, Gie&#223;en, Hannover, Leipzig, M&#252;nchen Vetsuisse und Wien) im deutschsprachigen Raum sind.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Dieser Situation entsprechend bestehen inhaltliche Verkn&#252;pfungen wie zu den meisten Aussch&#252;ssen so auch zum Ausschuss &#8222;Praktische Fertigkeiten&#8220;, weil die Ausbildung der Studierenden hinsichtlich der praktischen Fertigkeiten nat&#252;rlich auch in der Tiermedizin stattfindet. Bis vor kurzem fand die intensive praktische Ausbildung beinahe ausschlie&#223;lich am Tier oder an Kadaver(teilen) statt. Diese Art der Ausbildung ist nicht nur extrem ressourcenintensiv sondern auch unter didaktischen und nicht zuletzt ethischen und tierschutzbezogenen Gesichtspunkten zunehmend in Frage zu stellen. Daher entstanden seit 2012 an verschiedenen Standorten im deutschsprachigen Raum sog. &#8222;Skills Labs&#8220; <TextLink reference="3"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="4"></TextLink>, angelehnt an die internationalen Vorbilder, vor allem aus dem englischsprachigen Raum, wo Skills Labs schon seit geraumer Zeit zum Alltag in der (veterin&#228;r-)medizinischen Ausbildung geh&#246;ren. Derzeit gibt es bereits an f&#252;nf tiermedizinischen Ausbildungsst&#228;tten in der D-A-CH Region zentral eingerichtete Skills Labs: Wien, Hannover, Leipzig, Gie&#223;en und Bern. </Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="en" linked="yes" name="Skills labs in veterinary medical training &#8211; the same and yet different">
      <MainHeadline>Skills labs in veterinary medical training &#8211; the same and yet different</MainHeadline><Pgraph>In human medicine in Germany and other countries there are now national catalogues of learning objectives while teaching at veterinary medical training facilities in Europe is organised at a supranational level and is subject to a uniform quality standard set down by the European Commission and is checked at regular intervals by visits carried out on behalf of the European Commission. The core content of the Europe-wide uniform quality standards are what are known as the &#8220;day one skills&#8221;, in other words skills and abilities that the students must have obtained by the end of their training and therefore by the &#8220;first day of their professional lives&#8221; &#91;<Hyperlink href="http:&#47;&#47;www.eaeve.org&#47;fileadmin&#47;downloads&#47;sop&#47;SOP&#95;Annex4to8&#95;Hanover09.pdf">http:&#47;&#47;www.eaeve.org&#47;fileadmin&#47;downloads&#47;sop&#47;SOP&#95;Annex4to8&#95;Hanover09.pdf</Hyperlink> checked on 30 October 2015&#93;. From a conceptual perspective they therefore correspond to what are known as the Entrusted Professional Activities  (EPAs) in human medical training <TextLink reference="2"></TextLink>. </Pgraph><Pgraph>At around 50&#37; of all of the skills listed in the day-one skills, practical skills make up the largest group by far and are therefore the focus of the training, leading to an increasing significance of the skills labs. </Pgraph><Pgraph>Like in human medicine, complex processes in everyday clinic work are a major challenge for students, requiring the use of simulators and models with varying degrees of complexity. This not only facilitates students&#8217; ability to gain practical skills, but concerns and anxiety about making mistakes with serious consequences for the animal while gaining practical skills are able to be alleviated <TextLink reference="8"></TextLink>.</Pgraph><Pgraph>The low number of training facilities compared to those for human medicine and the even lower number of skills labs meant that the development and sourcing of models was often a hurdle when setting up skills labs, as models for various species of animal were needed and therefore it was understandably not possible to rely on human medicine models. The relatively small market in veterinary medicine meant that animal models of this kind, however, were difficult to obtain and&#47;or expensive. The rise in the number of skills labs, however, means that an increasing number of models and simulators are available commercially or are being developed in-house <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="5"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="6"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="7"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="8"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="9"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="10"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="11"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="12"></TextLink>.</Pgraph><Pgraph>The links between veterinary medical training facilities, such as the online group &#8220;Veterinary Clinical Skills &#38; Simulation&#8221; in the network NOVICE (Network Of Veterinarians In Continuing Education; <Hyperlink href="http:&#47;&#47;www.noviceproject.eu&#47;">http:&#47;&#47;www.noviceproject.eu&#47;</Hyperlink>), founded in 2010 and dedicated exclusively to the teaching of practical clinical skills, are particularly helpful. The group is made up of more than 300 members from more than 30 countries.</Pgraph><Pgraph>In addition to links on online platforms, new meetings and conferences have also been established for exchange and the promotion of collaboration focusing on simulation-based teaching in veterinary medicine. The organisation &#8220;International Veterinary Simulation in Teaching&#8221; (InVeST, <Hyperlink href="http:&#47;&#47;www.vetedsimulation.com">http:&#47;&#47;www.vetedsimulation.com</Hyperlink>), for example, was founded in 2011 and primarily looks at the development and validation of simulators and methods of communication in veterinary medical training. The first skills lab symposium in the Germany&#47;Austria&#47;Switzerland region took place in January 2014 in Hanover. </Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="de" linked="yes" name="Skills Labs in der tiermedizinischen Ausbildung &#8211; gleich und doch unterschiedlich">
      <MainHeadline>Skills Labs in der tiermedizinischen Ausbildung &#8211; gleich und doch unterschiedlich</MainHeadline><Pgraph>In der Humanmedizin gibt es mittlerweile in Deutschland und anderen L&#228;ndern nationale Lernzielkataloge, wohingegen die Lehre an den tiermedizinischen Ausbildungsst&#228;tten in Europa supranational organisiert ist und einem einheitlichen, von der EU-Kommission vorgegebenen Qualit&#228;tsstandard unterliegt und in regelm&#228;&#223;igen Abst&#228;nden durch Visitationen im Auftrag der EU-Kommission &#252;berpr&#252;ft werden. Inhaltlicher Kern der europaweit einheitlichen Qualit&#228;tsstandards sind die sog. &#8222;Day-one-skills&#8220;, also F&#228;higkeiten und Fertigkeiten, welche die Studierenden am Ende der Ausbildung und sozusagen am &#8222;ersten Tag des Berufslebens&#8220; erworben haben m&#252;ssen &#91;<Hyperlink href="http:&#47;&#47;www.eaeve.org&#47;fileadmin&#47;downloads&#47;sop&#47;SOP&#95;Annex4to8&#95;Hanover09.pdf">http:&#47;&#47;www.eaeve.org&#47;fileadmin&#47;downloads&#47;sop&#47;SOP&#95;Annex4to8&#95;Hanover09.pdf</Hyperlink> gepr&#252;ft am 30.10.2015&#93;. Konzeptionell entsprechen sie damit den sogenannten Anvertraubaren Professionellen T&#228;tigkeiten (APT) in der humanmedizinischen Ausbildung <TextLink reference="2"></TextLink>. </Pgraph><Pgraph>Die praktischen Fertigkeiten nehmen dabei mit rund 50&#37; aller in den Day-one-skills angef&#252;hrten Kompetenzen den weitaus gr&#246;&#223;ten Raum ein und sind daher im Fokus der Ausbildung, was zu einer zunehmenden Bedeutung der Skills Labs f&#252;hrt. </Pgraph><Pgraph>Wie auch in der Humanmedizin stellen komplexe Abl&#228;ufe im Klinikalltag eine gro&#223;e Herausforderung f&#252;r Studierende dar, was die Anwendung von Simulatoren und Modellen mit unterschiedlichen Komplexit&#228;tsgraden erfordert. Damit wird den Studierenden nicht nur der Erwerb praktischer Fertigkeiten erleichtert, sondern k&#246;nnen auch die Bedenken und die Angst reduziert werden, w&#228;hrend dem Erwerb von praktischen Fertigkeiten Fehler zu begehen, die f&#252;r das Tier schwerwiegende Folgen haben k&#246;nnen <TextLink reference="8"></TextLink>.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Durch die im Vergleich zur Humanmedizin geringe Anzahl an Ausbildungsst&#228;tten und die noch geringere Anzahl an Skills Labs war die Entwicklung und Beschaffung von Modellen oft eine H&#252;rde f&#252;r die Errichtung von Skills Labs, da Modelle f&#252;r verschiedene Tierarten gebraucht wurden und dabei verst&#228;ndlicherweise nicht auf humanmedizinische Modelle ausgewichen werden konnte. Durch den relativen kleinen Markt in der Veterin&#228;rmedizin waren derartige Tiermodelle jedoch schwer zu bekommen und&#47;oder hochpreisig. Mit der Zunahme an Skills Labs ist nun aber auch eine wachsende Zahl von Modellen und Simulatoren kommerziell zu erwerben, oder diese werden eigenst&#228;ndig entwickelt <TextLink reference="1"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="5"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="6"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="7"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="8"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="9"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="10"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="11"></TextLink>, <TextLink reference="12"></TextLink>.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Besonders hilfreich f&#252;r diese Entwicklung ist die Vernetzung der veterin&#228;rmedizinischen Ausbildungsst&#228;tten untereinander, wie dies z.B. in der 2010 gegr&#252;ndeten Online-Gruppe &#8222;Veterinary Clinical Skills &#38; Simulation&#8220; im Netzwerk NOVICE (Network Of Veterinarians In Continuing Education; <Hyperlink href="http:&#47;&#47;www.noviceproject.eu&#47;">http:&#47;&#47;www.noviceproject.eu&#47;</Hyperlink>) geschieht, die sich ausschlie&#223;lich der Vermittlung und Lehre von klinisch praktischen Fertigkeiten widmet. Die Gruppe besteht aus mehr als 300 Mitgliedern aus &#252;ber 30 L&#228;ndern.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Neben der Vernetzung auf Online-Plattformen haben sich auch neue Tagungen und Konferenzen f&#252;r den Austausch und die F&#246;rderung von Kooperationen mit dem Fokus auf simulations-basierten Unterricht in der Tiermedizin etabliert. So wurde z.B. im Jahr 2011 die Organisation &#8222;International Veterinary Simulation in Teaching&#8220; (InVeST, <Hyperlink href="http:&#47;&#47;www.vetedsimulation.com">http:&#47;&#47;www.vetedsimulation.com</Hyperlink>) gegr&#252;ndet, die sich haupts&#228;chlich mit der Entwicklung und Validierung von Simulatoren und der Vermittlung von Kommunikation in der tiermedizinischen Ausbildung besch&#228;ftigt. Das erste Skills-Lab-Symposium in der D-A-CH-Region fand im Januar 2014 in Hannover statt. </Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="en" linked="yes" name="Collaboration of the committees">
      <MainHeadline>Collaboration of the committees</MainHeadline><Pgraph>In both of the activities mentioned above &#8211; links via platforms and at thematically relevant conferences &#8211; the greatest opportunity for collaboration for the Veterinary Medicine Committee is with the Committee on Practical Skills.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Veterinary medicine has already been part of the simulator network established by the Committee on Practical Skills for two years. While there were hardly any contributions in the initial phase, participation has increased significantly in the past year and 29 models and simulators from veterinary medicine are now included in the network. More are to follow.</Pgraph><Pgraph>There is also an increasing presence of veterinary medicine at physical meetings in the form of conferences, so in the future the &#8220;International Skills Lab Symposium (iSLS)&#8221; organised by the Society for Medical Education Committee on Practical Skills will include contributions from veterinary medicine.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="de" linked="yes" name="Zusammenarbeit der Aussch&#252;sse">
      <MainHeadline>Zusammenarbeit der Aussch&#252;sse</MainHeadline><Pgraph>In den beiden zuletzt genannten Aktivit&#228;ten &#8211; Vernetzung &#252;ber Plattformen und auf thematisch einschl&#228;gigen Tagungen &#8211; ergibt sich die gr&#246;&#223;te M&#246;glichkeit zur Zusammenarbeit f&#252;r den Ausschuss Tiermedizin derzeit mit dem Ausschuss f&#252;r praktische Fertigkeiten.</Pgraph><Pgraph>So nimmt die Tiermedizin bereits seit zwei Jahren am Simulatorennetzwerk teil, das vom Ausschuss f&#252;r praktische Fertigkeiten etabliert wurde. W&#228;hrend in der Anfangsphase kaum Beitr&#228;ge zu verzeichnen waren, stieg die Teilnahme im letzten Jahr stark an und mittlerweile sind 29 Modelle und Simulatoren aus der Tiermedizin in das Netzwerk eingepflegt. Weitere sollen folgen.</Pgraph><Pgraph>Auch hinsichtlich der Pr&#228;senztreffen in Form von Tagungen ist eine steigende Beteiligung der Tiermedizin zu verzeichnen, und so sollen auch zuk&#252;nftig die vom GMA-Ausschuss f&#252;r praktische Fertigkeiten organisierten &#8222;Internationalen Skills Lab Symposium (iSLS)&#8220; durch Beitr&#228;ge aus der Tiermedizin erg&#228;nzt werden.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="en" linked="yes" name="Competing interests">
      <MainHeadline>Competing interests</MainHeadline><Pgraph>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
    <TextBlock language="de" linked="yes" name="Interessenkonflikt">
      <MainHeadline>Interessenkonflikt</MainHeadline><Pgraph>Die Autoren erkl&#228;ren, dass sie keinen Interessenkonflikt im Zusammenhang mit diesem Artikel haben.</Pgraph></TextBlock>
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